In this video we are will look at mitosis, including the names of the key stages: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.
Mitosis is the process of cell division that produces identical copies of cells, and is involved in growth, cell repair and asexual reproduction. When cells divide by mitosis, the number of cells increases, and hence the organism grows.
Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. A chromosome is made up of two chromatids; one from the mother and one from the father.
During interphase, the chromosomes duplicate and become two identical chromatids, joined at the centromere. So in humans, it has gone from the normal 46 to 92.
During prophase, the chromosomes condense in the nucleus, and the spindle fibres form in the cytoplasm.
During metaphase the nuclear membrane breaks apart, the spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes and the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.
In anaphase, the spindle fibres shorten and the centromere divides, so that each chromosome becomes two separate chromatids.
During telophase the nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. The chromosomes spread back out in their ‘new’ nucleus and the spindle fibres break down. In humans, each nucleus has the normal ‘46’ chromosomes again.
The final stage is cytokinesis. The cell membrane pinches in to separate the two sets of chromatids into two identical daughter cells, with the same number of chromosomes as the parent - so 46 (or 23 pairs) in humans.
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Plants have developed responses called tropisms. A tropism is a growth in response to a stimulus; so light and water in the plant’s case.
There are different types of tropisms: Positive tropisms are when growth is towards the stimulus - so the plant growing towards the light to maximise the stimul
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CREDITS
Animation & Design: Waldi Apollis
Narration: Dale Bennett
Script: Lucy Billings
Look at these baby animals. You will have immediately observed how cute and fluffy they are but you will
also have noticed that they are different -
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Enzymes are really important proteins, that speed up the rates of reactions such as in photosynthesis, respiration and protein synthesis.
The enzymes and substrates are always moving, and occasionally they collide at the right speed and