Vaccinations protect both humans and animals from a wide range of preventable and potentially serious illnesses. With vaccines, we take advantage of one of the most important aspects of the immune system: the ability to develop immunological memory. This means that once a person or animal is exposed to a particular pathogen - in other words anything that can cause illness - they will develop resistance to infections with that same pathogen in the future. Our adaptive immune system contains white blood cells known as T and B lymphocytes. These become activated during first time or ‘primary’ exposure to a pathogen. Once the pathogen has been fought off by our body, a population of T and B lymphocytes known as memory cells, remain in the individual. These memory cells remain on standby, ready to react quickly when the individual is re-exposed to that particular pathogen in what is known as ‘secondary exposure’. The ‘immunological memory’ helps the immune system respond much more rapidly and effectively than during the primary exposure. As a result, the individual is generally protected from the development of disease symptoms. Vaccines generate this immunological memory effect artificially and at an early stage to prevent future diseases. This means we inject a weakened version of pathogens, inactivated pathogens, or just particular parts of pathogens into the individual that we want to protect. In healthy individuals, these vaccine components activate a specific immune response, mimicking primary infection, but weak enough not to cause development of disease symptoms! By taking advantage of immunological memory in this way, vaccination prevents and controls the spread of a wide range of illnesses, including polio, smallpox, whooping cough, measles, and the seasonal influenza virus. In recent years, there has been controversy over the safety of vaccination programs. To date, all credible scientific evidence strongly supports the importance of vaccination in avoiding preventable illnesses in individuals and populations. VISIT us at www.fuseschool.org, where all of our videos are carefully organised into topics and specific orders, and to see what else we have on offer. Comment, like and share with other learners. You can both ask and answer questions, and teachers will get back to you. These videos can be used in a flipped classroom model or as a revision aid. Twitter: https://twitter.com/fuseSchool Access a deeper Learning Experience in the FuseSchool platform and app: www.fuseschool.org Friend us: http://www.facebook.com/fuseschool Click here to see more videos: https://alugha.com/FuseSchool This Open Educational Resource is free of charge, under a Creative Commons License: Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC ( View License Deed: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ). You are allowed to download the video for nonprofit, educational use. If you would like to modify the video, please contact us: info@fuseschool.org Click here to see more videos: https://alugha.com/FuseSchool
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Let’s discover some more circle theorems so that we can solve all types of geometrical puzzles. We discovered these 4 theorems in part 1: Angle at the centre is double the angle at the circumference The angle in a semi-circle is 90 degrees Angles in the same segment are equal / Angles subtended by
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