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SPEAKER_00 Hey there, welcome to Life Noggin.
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SPEAKER_00 Whether it's the latest scary movie or some sparkly vampire book, blood
seems to be everywhere.
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SPEAKER_00 Well, hopefully not real blood, because that'd be gross.
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SPEAKER_00 However, one thing that's not mentioned in a lot of these stories is
blood types.
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SPEAKER_00 What do all of these letters and plus signs mean, anyway?
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SPEAKER_00 Luckily, I'm here to help.
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SPEAKER_00 For most of human history, we thought that all blood was the same.
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SPEAKER_00 In fact, it wasn't until the 20th century that we discovered that we were
wrong.
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SPEAKER_00 When foreign objects like bacteria or viruses get into our body, your
white blood cells produce antibodies, which are like your own personal
army.
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SPEAKER_00 These antibodies recognize the foreign object, which we call an
antigen, and attack it.
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SPEAKER_00 The antibody then attaches itself to the antigen, similar to a lock and
key, which is what keeps you from getting sick.
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SPEAKER_00 So there's no reason why any antigens should still be in your body,
right?
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SPEAKER_00 Well, wrong.
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SPEAKER_00 Your red blood cells naturally contain millions of antigens that your
immune system doesn't react to.
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SPEAKER_00 And the antigens that you have in those red blood cells determines your
blood type.
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SPEAKER_00 For example, if you have both A and B antigens, your blood type is AB.
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SPEAKER_00 If you have neither A nor B antigens, then you are a type O. Additionally,
if you have type A blood, then you have anti-B antibodies.
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SPEAKER_00 This is why you have to be careful if you get a blood transfusion.
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SPEAKER_00 If you receive someone else's blood that's a type B, your immune system
will attack that blood thinking it's a foreign object.
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SPEAKER_00 Lastly, if you hear the word positive at the end of your blood type, you
have an additional antigen called the Rh factor.
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SPEAKER_00 A universal blood donor has none of these antigens, which makes someone
with O-negative blood very valuable.
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SPEAKER_00 So what's your blood type?
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SPEAKER_00 Let us know.
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SPEAKER_00 And if not, you should go ahead and ask us a question that you want
answered, because it might become a Life Noggin video.
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SPEAKER_00 I'm Blocko, this has been Life Noggin, I will see you on Monday with a
brand new video.
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SPEAKER_00 And don't forget to keep on thinking!